Informatics Publishing Limited

Tulika Bhattacharya ¹, Meenakshi Rajeev ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute for Social and Economic Change, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore 560072, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

While Indian economy has performed well in terms of growth, especially during the last decade, employment generation for the population has remained a major challenge. This is particularly so, as several growth generating sectors (especially belonging to the services sector) are mostly capital-intensive and not labour-intensive. To identify the employment generating sectors within an economy, a linkage based analysis is useful as it shows the creation of employment within the sector concerned as well as in the related sectors through its direct and indirect linkages. This paper attempts to identify the employment generating sectors in terms of their employment linkages in the Input-Output framework for 2003-2004 and 2007-2008. Further, it examines whether a high output linked sector is also employment generating or not. Identification of such sectors has implications for inclusive growth for an economy.

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Mainak Majumder ¹, Meenakshi Rajeev ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC), Bangalore, IN

Abstract

Under the WTO agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), India amended its Patent law and recognized Product Patent from 1^st January 2005. The recognition of the product patent is a big challenge for the Indian generic pharmaceutical companies, which has always relied on the imitation of the patent product of the innovative firms for its growth and development. Realizing the increasing importance of R&D among the pharmaceutical companies in the face of the current challenges, this paper examines the evolving R&D scenario in the Indian pharmaceutical sector and also identifies tlie factors that induce the firms to do more of R&D utilizing the panel data of about 288 firms for the time period 1991 to 2005. The empirical findings suggests that the probability of undertaking R&D and also the intensity of R&D is largely influenced by a number of firm specific factors like firm size, age, internal resources, outward orientation of the firms, firm structure, diversification strategies, competitive pressure, ownership pattern and the spillover-effects in the industry.

Keywords

Product Patent, Firm-Size, R&D, R&D Intensity, MNC, Spillover Effect, Firm Structure, Imitative R&D.

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